Article For The Month Of December And January, 2010
Posted in Theological Counselling on December 20th, 2009 by Chris – Be the first to commentCrime, Punishment And The Bible; The Beliefs Of Our Great Patriot Forefathers On The Subject Of Corporal And Capital Punishment
Perhaps no other topic has lead to more heated debate in matters pertaining to justice than the issue of whether or not we should have capital punishment. In third world countries there are often not many debates about the subject, if someone kills someone else they must also die. In the past few decades in the United States and Canada capital punishment has been outlawed for the most part, with the exception of a few States in the U.S. (Texas is one that comes to mind).
Some individuals may see the outlawing of capital or even corporal punishment as “liberalism gone amuck” and that in many instances, there is no justice in our legal system. In this article we will examine biblical principles, which pertain directly and indirectly to corporal and capital punishment. This is the model or ideology that was brought to us by the early colonists who founded our North American continent and our Constitution. The contention of this article is to see if we can come to some conclusions about crime and punishment that we could implement into our current North American legal system.
Firstly, we can determine that the Bible is divine rather than human in origin. It is the only religious book that can boast this claim. We know that the Holy Scriptures of the Bible are from God and not man, because of: the manuscript evidence, the archeological evidence, the predictive prophesies that have come true, and the science of statistical probabilities (that the Bible was written over a 1500 year period, on different continents, all pointing to faith in Jesus Christ as the only way in which to be reconciled to God). Check out the article that it posted here at Jordan’s Journal called “MAPS” for further information.
In the Old Testament the Lord spoke to Moses from Mount Sinai and gave the Ten Commandments. We find the application of the Ten Commandments to everyday life was written down by Moses in accordance to what the Lord had told Him, in the book of Leviticus. Ceremonial and dietary laws that were applicable to the Israelites of the Old Testament are also discussed in this book. But when Christ came in the New Testament, He Who is the substance that fulfilled the “types” and “figures” of the Old Testament, these ceremonial laws (including Sabbath keeping) were (and are) no longer applicable, as explained in the book of Colossians chapter 2.
Nevertheless, the New Testament does indicate that the moral and ethical aspects of the Old Testament law are still applicable today, especially within the eternal perspective of the soul in heaven and the body at the time of resurrection. Jesus spoke of this when He made reference to the “Kingdom of God”. It is in this context then, that the Ten Commandments are still clearly applicable today.
For instance, the Commandment “thou shalt not commit adultery”, the seventh commandment, is still applicable today and we read about its application in the following New Testament passages: Matthew 19, Mark 10, 1Corinthians 6, 1Corinthians 7, and Revelation 21. Not committing murder is also applicable today and is expressed throughout the New Testament and in several of the previously listed passages. The question is, though, from a physical punitive standpoint in day-to-day life right now, what are the implications of not living by the law of God? Let us firstly examine how the law was applied within the Old Testament.
In the Old Testament we read that God’s commandment to Moses in the application of the law was “And if any mischief follow (or comes about), then thou shalt give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, burning for burning…” (Exodus 21:24). Anyone who killed someone simply because they had a grudge or out of malice would be put to death “Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to death by the mouth of witnesses but one witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die” (Numbers 35:30). Ever wondered where the concept of “court” comes from? This is where it started, in Moses’ time.
A man caught having sex with a virgin is described in the following passage: “If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, which is not betrothed, and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found; Then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel’s father fifty shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife; because he hath humbled her, he may not put her away all his days” (Deuteronomy 22:28-29). Also, if a woman who was engaged to be married or who was already married had consensual sexual relations with a man outside of her fiancé or husband, both of them (the man who infringed upon the other man and the woman for consenting) would be put to death (Deuteronomy 22:22-24).
The Old Testament speaks to whoremongering or general promiscuity, as well. One passage in particular communicates that if a woman who is assumed to be a virgin gets married and her husband discovers she is not a virgin, he could bring it before the elders of the city and she would be put to death for bringing folly and evil upon society (Deuteronomy 22:13-21). Further to these instances, anyone found practicing witchcraft was to be put to death, “thou shall not suffer a witch to live” (Exodus 22:18). Those practicing bestiality would also be put to death (Exodus 22:19). And it is not mentioned specifically, but we know from the accounts of the practice of “stoning” within Jewish society of that day, those practicing homosexuality were put to death, also (Leviticus 18:22 says “having same sex relations is an abomination”).
In the New Testament, when our Lord Jesus Christ comes on the scene, He stated: “Think not that I have come to destroy the law, or the prophets (of the Old Testament): I am not come to destroy but to fulfil” (Matthew 5:17)- The Sermon on the Mount. Many biblical scholars interpreted this to mean that the Old Testament moral laws and the dispensation of that law the way God had it administered, should still be applicable today. The early Reformation church father John Calvin and others who came out of Roman Catholicism, during the 1500s believed this to be the case, as well. So too, did the English Puritans who were very “Calvinistic” and settled in America to have religious freedom from the bondage of Roman Catholicism, which was making a comeback in Europe during the 1600s.
The early church fathers (who were predominantly Calvinist) did not break the Bible up into different dispensations and believed that followers of Christ today are merely an extension of those who were followers of God and Christ before the incarnation in the Old Testament (which was the nation of Israel, the chosen people, by which God revealed Himself and His character to the world). We can recall how the Puritans, upon allegations of witchcraft taking place in Salem Massachusetts, burned many individuals at the stake in 1692. This was because they shared John Calvin’s teachings. John Calvin would have insisted that anyone found to be regularly practicing witchcraft or homosexuality be “burned at the stake”. The Puritans were great men of God, and contributed greatly to the cause of Christ. But were all their teachings correct? The question becomes “what does the New Testament teach”?
I think that upon close examination we will find that it DOES NOT teach what the Puritans and Calvin taught in some important areas. The apostle Paul makes reference to “dispensationalism” or understanding the way God deals with the world during different dispensational time periods. God is not dealing with the world today (under the dispensation of Grace), as He did under the Old Testament (the dispensation of Law). Paul refers to “rightly dividing the word” (2Timothy 2:15). It means more than just understanding the words of the Bible but also understanding the different times in which the Lord was dealing with the world in a certain way. In the New Testament we do find that the law is something the believer in Christ strives to keep, however the emphasis is now on the “spirit” of the law, rather than the “letter” of the law.
Christ emphasizes to us today that He is interested in our hearts or the inward attitude or thought motivations. It is this motivation that will be judged. Obviously, there needs to be restraints placed upon evil activities, but the New Testament never clearly indicates that Capital Punishment should be administered in all situations.
When the hypocritical leaders of Jesus’ day found a woman committing adultery, they brought her before Jesus to be stoned in order to test Him to see whether He would do it. He stated to them “he among you that is without sin, let him cast the first stone” (Jesus then began writing in the sand, which many interpreters feel was mention of the men’s individual sins; the men one by one, walked away). Christ said to the woman “neither do I condemn you, go and sin no more” (John 8:11).
In Matthew chapter 5 the Lord said that “you have heard this mentioned”: “an eye for an eye and a “tooth for a tooth…But I say to you, resist not evil: whosoever hits you on the right cheek, turn to him the left one also” (Matthew 5:38-39). We must come to an understanding of this verse within the common “hyperbolized” vernacular of the day to which Jesus was communicating. Jesus never defended Himself against the attacks of the authorities or His enemies. But Jesus’ mission was that He was destined to die for our sins and be raised from the dead, which He fulfilled. For us, it is simply telling us ”go the extra mile” and that we shouldn’t be anxious to beat people up or to go on the offensive.
The New Testament also speaks of the “Kingdom of God” (Luke 17:21) and Jesus said that as the world is now, “My kingdom is not of this world”. Jesus emphasized that the wicked would be ultimately punished after death and on Judgment Day in the parable of the wheat and the tares, but that the weeds (or tares) should be left to grow together with the wheat until “harvesting time”. Here is what Jesus said:
The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field: But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went his way. But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also. So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? From whence then hath it tares? He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up? But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them. Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn (Matthew 13:24-30, Old King James Version).
Firstly, it is important to understand that this is not some nice list of do’s and don’ts. It is an attitude of the heart in an individual who is living for God by the power of the Word and the Holy Spirit through faith in Christ. Jesus gives examples of how this type of a heart attitude bears itself out. Does this mean that all offences should go unpunished? What place does civil authority have and what else does the Bible have to say?
The Bible also speaks in a corporate sense, to the society at whole and that we are to “obey the authorities” and that we should “fear them” because they “don’t bear the sword for nothing…punishing evil-doers” (Romans 13). The sword was always used to bring about death. This means that in some instances, the authorities can and should kill. This authority to punish evildoers has been instituted by God.
Emphasizing traditional family values would help our communities. So too, though, would government authority (by the police and the courts) to use swift physical punishment, and labor camps. Within the Old Testament the Bible teaches three principles about punishment, it should be: impartial, without pity, and swift (Deuteronomy 25:2, Ezra 7:26). The implication of this is that the police should have authority to do this, as well. Society has lost sight of this in our day.
Vigilante attitude is not necessarily uncommon in today’s society and may become much worse as the Globalist bankers and politicians continue to enslave the world and the recession deepens. The vigilante will be held accountable, however, and civil disobedience is generally unacceptable by biblical standards. When a society has a government that becomes totalitarian, then civil disobedience may become acceptable. The Bible does tell us to lead “peaceful and quiet lives” (1Timothy) and “don’t malign the authorities” (Titus 3). But this does not preclude the fact that someone should stand against disrespectful or unlawful conduct when others are not and warn people that they are on the wrong path. How many people do this nowadays? No one has the jam to do it, nor the personal morals or values themselves… This is why there is so much tolerance for misbehavior in our society. Law-abiding citizens should be lobbying for this type of change to occur.
It is also interesting that in the Old Testament there were no prisons. God dealt with His covenant people the Jews by four means of punishment: corporal (beating individuals), by banishment from the community (incidentally, this is how Australia came into existence), by labor (by which a person could make restitution and regain dignity), and by death (for serious offences). Just think about what happens in Iran and Iraq today. If you steal you lose your finger or a hand. This is a pretty good deterrent, although the extremity in this case may not be something we would want to advocate.
It is interesting to note that there may be some compelling evidence for Capital Punishment in the New Testament, as well, and this is what makes this topic so tricky. But we will now examine this perspective as well, in order to hopefully come to a conclusion that could be implemented politically, for our time. There are several passages within the New Testament that speak to this.
Some might argue that the Apostle Paul might have been advocating capital punishment when in Acts 25 he says to the Roman authority, Festus, “if I am guilty of this crime I should be put to death”, as would have been the case under Roman law at the time. Jesus also rebuked Peter for cutting a soldier’s ear off when Judas the betrayer brought the authorities to capture Him. Jesus told Peter, “those who live by the sword shall die by the sword”. In both of these instances, however, there may not be enough of a direct sense that capital punishment is really being advocated. There is, simply, an agreement that this would have occurred within the context of the day in which these events were taking place.
Further, Jesus may also have been stating in a general way, “hey, if you live by violence to others your time will come…”. However we may understand this, we must consider that the authority does not “bear the sword for nothing”, as Romans 13 states. We must conclude from examining the whole panoply of Scripture that the current system we have in place to punish crime in North America is incorrect.
The reader must use all of the information and arrive at a balanced view of what the Scriptures communicate. In my view, the Bible may leave room for both models. Strong proponents of Capital Punishment use the argument that Jesus never spoke specifically to the issue and therefore we should continue on in the way of the Old Testament, because Jesus did not specifically negate it in this area. This is not necessarily true, though, as the previous verses in this article indicated. Furthermore, is there a difference, then, in the way we should treat the fornicator, the homosexual, or the adulterer? Surely, there can be no difference in their treatment if we follow this argument of maintaining Old Testament standards. They would be put to death.
This is also proven incorrect because because of the New Testament’s book of 2Peter 3, which states that God takes His time: “He is long-suffering towards us, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance”. This is the whole emphasis of the dispensation of grace in which we now live.
I recall a rather proud Christian who grew up in a strict Christian home in which sexual sin was never experienced (or, at least, this was the image his particular church and family portrayed). He stated the following: “anyone warned of homosexuality or fornication who continues on in that sin should be put to death”. This man had the audacity to claim that the “stoning for sin” principle should be brought back into society. However, this is clearly not a New Testament mandate in our current dispensation. Nor will it be one during the Tribulation time.
This makes sense because it places man in the position of deciding God’s grace is over for someone before God’s appointed time. Again, we must consider that because Jesus did not go out of His way to change Capital Punishment when He walked the earth, does not mean He is in favor of it. I believe the New Testament teaches that God accepts Capital Punishment, but that it may not be the best choice in all instances. This in no way precludes that God will not, ultimately, punish sin…
What we need to ask ourselves today (myself included), are we living a life of sin? Have we had a “born again” experience and repented from all sin and put our faith in Christ? Maybe we did at one time and are now backsliding… Has the enemy, Satan crept into our life? Do we follow elements of the occult like Astrology or in Witchcraft? Do we live on and on in sexual sin? Do some of us find ourself in the world’s movie houses several times a week or watching TV and filling our mind with the things of this world that Jesus warned us about: “the lust of the eyes, the lust of the flesh and the pride of life”? These are things to consider.
God does not expect us to live a life of constant pleasure seeking. We are to work and keep active towards improving our gifts and talents in order to help others. You may think that God is gracious and that you have time to get things right. But during this Christmas season (which is about the REAL Jesus Christ), we should not mock God. God has not destroyed all the wicked people in this world because He is giving people a chance to repent. This is true, and God’s patience means salvation for you and for me. But as we read this article we must consider that we should live carefully in this world, or we could end up like Lot’s wife in Genesis 19. Just because we are blessed to live in God’s dispensation of Grace does not mean it is our license for careless living. If we live without Christ on our mind and we open our eyes in Hell after death, what will we do then? Jesus said to us: “remember Lot’s wife”.
